The Impact of COVID-19 on School Dropout Rates in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on Indonesia’s education system, leading to an increase in school dropout rates across various levels. When schools closed, many students—especially those from economically strained families—were forced to prioritize work over education. The sudden shift to online learning widened existing inequalities, causing thousands of learners to disengage from their studies.

For many households, financial difficulties intensified during the pandemic. Loss of income meant that children had to help support their families through informal jobs, making continuing education less of a priority. Girls were particularly vulnerable, with some experiencing early marriage or increased domestic responsibilities that reduced their ability to return to school.

The shift to online learning further deepened the dropout crisis. Students without devices or stable internet faced significant barriers, leading to frustration and disengagement. Teachers in some regions reported that students who disappeared from online classes often never returned, even after schools reopened. This trend suggests that the pandemic’s educational impact will have long-lasting effects.

The Indonesian government introduced several measures to mitigate dropout rates, including social assistance programs, free data quotas, and flexible learning assessments. Community-based initiatives also played an important role in reaching out to vulnerable students and encouraging them to re-enroll. However, the long-term recovery process remains ongoing.

Experts warn that reversing the pandemic’s educational damage will require sustained action. Strengthening support systems for at-risk students, improving digital infrastructure, and expanding financial assistance programs are essential steps. Without comprehensive strategies, the pandemic’s impact on dropout rates may hinder Indonesia’s progress toward building an educated and skilled generation.