Multicultural parenting in early childhood education institutions based on local culture positions diversity as an integral part of young children’s learning processes. Schools serve as spaces where children from diverse cultural backgrounds mee

Collaboration between families and schools plays a crucial role in supporting multicultural parenting for children. Both institutions share responsibility for creating learning environments that recognize and respect cultural diversity. When famil

Schools function as important meeting spaces where children from diverse cultural backgrounds interact and learn together. Within the school environment, children encounter peers who bring different languages, traditions, and family values. These

Local communities play an important role as cultural learning spaces for young children. The social environment surrounding children’s daily lives becomes an early context for introducing values, norms, and social practices within society. Throu

Grandparents play an important role in intergenerational parenting, particularly in preserving cultural values within families and communities. Their presence in children’s lives provides direct access to experiences, knowledge, and traditions t

Parenting patterns in Indonesia vary between rural and urban communities due to differences in social, economic, and environmental contexts. Rural areas are often characterized by close social relationships, strong communal values, and shared resp