Father’s Day offers an opportunity to reflect on how paternal involvement shapes early childhood development. Traditionally, childcare has been seen as the mother’s domain, but today’s research proves otherw

Urbanization has reshaped how families nurture their young children, especially those with developmental differences. In modern cities such as Surabaya, where fast-paced lifestyles and high expectations often domina

Many urban families face the challenge of limited family time due to work demands. Yet, linguistic stimulation verbal interaction that develops language and communication is crucial during the

Social media has recently been buzzing with the “aura-farming” trend parents showcasing their children excessively online for attention or social validation. While it

The sight of toddlers holding smartphones or tablets has become increasingly common. Many parents hand over gadgets to keep children calm or occupied, especially while working. However, this practice can lead to

In recent years, PAUD institutions have begun integrating environmental education into their daily curriculum. Teachers encourage children to participate in activities such as planting trees, sorting waste, and wat