In the rapidly developing city of Surabaya, the role of grandparents in childcare has become increasingly significant as more parents are occupied with full-time jobs. Many working families rely on grandparents to help care for their young childre

Educational inequality remains one of the most pressing challenges in Indonesia, particularly in the 3T areas—frontier, outermost, and underdeveloped regions. While major cities enjoy access to modern schools, trai

The Merdeka Curriculum, introduced by the Indonesian government, represents a transformative effort to enhance the quality of education by promoting flexibility, creativity, and student-centered learning. This curri

Character education has become an essential component of higher education, aiming to shape not only intellectually capable graduates but also individuals with strong moral integrity, empathy, and social responsibilit